API 5L X70 PSL2 Line Pipe
What is API 5L X70 PSL2 Line Pipe?
API 5L X70 PSL2 is a high-strength grade under the American Petroleum Institute's specification 5L.
X70: Represents the minimum yield strength of 70,000 psi (485 MPa).
PSL2 (Product Specification Level 2): Compared to PSL1, PSL2 has more stringent requirements. It includes mandatory Charpy V-notch impact testing, stricter chemical composition limits, and defined carbon equivalent (CE) values to ensure better toughness and weldability.
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API 5L X70 PSL2 Line Pipes for oil & gas Chemical and Mechanical Properties Table (PSL2)
API 5L X70 PSL2 Chemical Composition (Max % for PSL2)
| Element | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Ti | V | Nb |
| X70 (Seamless) | 0.16 | 1.60 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.45 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.05 |
| X70 (Welded) | 0.12 | 1.60 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.45 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.05 |
Note: Carbon Equivalent (CEpcm) is usually ≤0.25 or CEiiw ≤ 0.43.
API 5L X70 PSL2 HIC Pipeline Mechanical Properties
| Grade | Yield Strength (MPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield-to-Tensile Ratio | Elongation |
| X70 PSL2 | 485 - 635 | 570 - 760 |
≤ 0.93 |
Per formula (approx. 18-22%) |
API 5L X70 PSL2 Pipe Specifications
| Specification | Details |
| Standard | API Spec 5L (Latest Edition) |
| Product Level | PSL2 (mandatory impact test) |
| Outside Diameter | 1/2" to 48" (Seamless), up to 100" (Welded) |
| Wall Thickness | SCH 10 to SCH 160, XXS |
| Length | SRL (6m), DRL (12m), or Custom |
| End Finish | Bevelled (30°±5°), Plain End, Threaded |
| Coating | 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, Internal Epoxy, Galvanized |
API 5L X70 PSL2 Oil and gas pipe lines Dimensions in Inches (Common Selection)
| NPS (Inches) | OD (mm) | Wall Thickness (mm) | Weight ( kg/m - approx) |
| 8" | 219.1 | 8.18 (SCH 40) | 42.55 |
| 12" | 323.8 | 9.53 (SCH 40) | 73.88 |
| 16" | 406.4 | 12.70 (SCH 40) | 123.30 |
| 24" | 609.6 | 17.48 (SCH 40) | 255.41 |
| 36" | 914.4 | 19.05 (STD) | 420.50 |
API 5L X70 PSL2 oil and gas pipelines Features
Strict Tolerances: Very precise OD and wall thickness control.
Traceability: Every pipe in PSL2 must have unique heat numbers for full tracking.
Crack Resistance: Designed to withstand high internal pressures and external environmental stress.
API 5L X70 PSL2 Oil and gas transmission pipe Applications
Onshore Pipelines: Long-distance transport of crude oil and natural gas.
Offshore Subsea Pipelines: Deepwater oil and gas extraction.
Sour Service: If modified (HIC/SSCC resistant), it can be used for gas containing H2S.
High-Pressure Stations: Gas compression and pumping stations.
Tests Referred (PSL2 Mandatory)
Hydrostatic Test: 100% of pipes tested to ensure no leakage under high pressure.
Charpy V-Notch Impact Test: Conducted at 0 ℃
or lower to measure energy absorption.
NDT (Non-Destructive Testing): Ultrasonic (UT) or Radiographic (RT) testing for weld seams.
Tensile Test: Verifies yield and tensile strength.
Flattening/Guided Bend Test: Verifies ductility of the weld.
Chemical Analysis: Verifies composition and Carbon Equivalent.
Delivery Condition of API X70 PSL2 High Yield Carbon Steel Pipes
M (Thermomechanical Rolled): Most common for X70 welded pipes; provides high strength through controlled cooling.
N (Normalized): Heat treated to refine grain structure.
Q (Quenched and Tempered): Used to achieve high strength and toughness through rapid cooling and reheating.
API 5L X70 PSL2 Carbon Steel Line Pipe Types of Packaging
Bare: Standard for domestic or short-distance transport.
Bundles: Tied with steel strips (for small diameters).
Wooden Crates: For high-precision or coated pipes to prevent scratches.
End Protectors: Plastic or metal caps to protect bevelled ends from damage and debris.
Sling Ropes: Wrapped in woven bags or plastic film for sea transport.
How to Choose API 5L X70 PSL2 Pipe for Various Applications
Evaluate Pressure Requirements: If the operating pressure is extremely high, choose Seamless; for large diameter gas transmission, LSAW is standard.
Consider the Environment:
For Arctic/Cold Regions: Ensure the Charpy Impact test temperature meets the site's lowest temperature.
For Sour Service ( H2S ): You must specify "Sour Service" or "NACE MR0175" compliance.
Coating Selection:
3LPE/FBE: For underground burial to prevent soil corrosion.
Concrete Weight Coating (CWC): For subsea pipes to ensure they sink and stay stable.
Compliance: Always request an MTC (Mill Test Certificate) to EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 to verify the pipe meets PSL2 requirements.
FAQ
What does API 5L stand for?
API: Refers to the American Petroleum Institute, the primary organization that sets technical standards for the oil and natural gas industry.
5L: This is the specific identification number for the standard governing Line Pipe.
Core Purpose: It defines the international standards for the manufacturing, dimensions, chemical properties, and testing of steel pipes used for transporting oil, natural gas, and water. It is the most widely recognized global standard for pipeline infrastructure.
What does PSL stand for in API 5L?
In API 5L, PSL stands for Product Specification Level.
It defines the technical, chemical, and testing requirements for the pipe. There are two distinct levels:
PSL1: A standard quality level for general line pipe applications, with basic testing and chemical requirements.
PSL2: A stricter quality level with mandatory additional requirements, such as Charpy impact testing (toughness), tighter chemical composition limits, defined yield/tensile ranges, and full traceability.
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