### 1. What is the temperature range of SA 179?
**Answer:** SA 179 (seamless cold-drawn low-carbon steel tubes) is typically used for **heat exchanger and condenser applications**. Its recommended service temperature range is **up to 450°C (850°F)** for continuous service. Above this temperature, oxidation resistance decreases significantly, and mechanical properties degrade. For intermittent service, consult specific design codes (e.g., ASME BPVC).
### 2. What is ASTM A269?
**Answer:** ASTM A269 is the standard specification for **seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service**. It covers grades like 304, 316, and 321 used in **high-temperature/corrosive environments**, including medical, food processing, and chemical applications. Tubes may be annealed or strain-hardened.
### 3. What is the thermal conductivity of SA179?
**Answer:** The thermal conductivity of SA179 (low-carbon steel) is approximately **51.9 W/m·K** (30 Btu/hr·ft·°F) at 100°C (212°F). This value may vary slightly with temperature and composition.
### 4. What is the density of SA179?
**Answer:** The density of SA179 carbon steel is **7,830 kg/m³** (0.283 lb/in³), standard for low-carbon steels.
### 5. What is the standard for ASTM density?
**Answer:** ASTM **does not have a single universal standard for density**. Material density is typically specified within individual material standards (e.g., SA179 specifies 7,830 kg/m³). For density *testing methods*, refer to:
- **ASTM E12**: Standard terminology for density/porosity.
- **ASTM B311**: Density measurement for metals by powder metallurgy.
- **ASTM D792**: Density measurement for plastics
