Q: What is the maximum hardness for ASTM A106 Gr. B after cold drawing?
A: Hardness should not exceed 250 HBW for most applications, but it can be higher if specified for special conditions.
Q: What is the annealing temperature for ASTM A269 TP316L?
A: Typical annealing temperature for TP316L is 1900-2050°F (1040-1120°C) followed by rapid cooling to maintain corrosion resistance.
Q: What are the tensile properties of API 5L X80?
A: API 5L X80 has a minimum yield strength of 80,000 psi (551 MPa) and tensile strength of 90,000-120,000 psi (621-827 MPa).
Q: How is ASTM A335 P9 used in refinery applications?
A: P9 (9% chromium) is used in refinery furnaces and piping for high-temperature services up to 1200°F (649°C), such as in catalytic cracking units.
Q: What is the carbon equivalent formula for API 5L X70?
A: The carbon equivalent (CE) is often calculated using the IIW formula: CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15, with typical limits around 0.43% for weldability.
