**1. What is EN 10219 material?**
EN 10219 is a European standard for **cold-formed welded structural hollow sections** made from non-alloy and fine-grain steels. It specifies requirements for square, rectangular, circular, and elliptical hollow sections used in construction and structural applications. The material is formed at ambient temperature and often used in welded, bolted, or riveted structures.
**2. Difference between EN 10210 and EN 10219?**
- **EN 10210**: Covers **hot-finished structural hollow sections** (formed at high temperatures). These sections generally have improved mechanical properties due to the hot-forming process.
- **EN 10219**: Covers **cold-formed structural hollow sections** (formed at ambient temperature). Cold-formed sections may have slightly lower impact toughness compared to hot-finished ones.
Both standards share similar steel grades (e.g., S355) but differ in manufacturing processes and some mechanical properties.
**3. What size is EN 10219?**
EN 10219 hollow sections are available in a wide range of sizes:
- **Circular**: Outer diameters typically from **21.3 mm to 711 mm**, with wall thicknesses from **1.0 mm to 40 mm**.
- **Square/Rectangular**: Sides ranging from **20x20 mm to 500x400 mm**, with wall thicknesses from **1.0 mm to 40 mm**.
- **Elliptical**: Custom dimensions as specified by manufacturers.
**4. EN 10219 S355J2H equivalent?**
The equivalent grades for **S355J2H** (EN 10219) in other standards include:
- **ASTM A500 Grade C** (USA, similar mechanical properties).
- **ISO 630** or **EN 10025-2 S355J2** (note: not identical due to differing manufacturing processes).
- **JIS G 3466 STK500** (Japan).
**5. Difference between S355J2 and S355J2 N?**
- **S355J2**: A non-normalized steel grade with specified impact toughness at **-20°C**.
- **S355J2 N**: The **"N"** denotes **normalized** (heat-treated) steel, which improves toughness and homogeneity. Normalized steel generally has better mechanical properties, especially for thicker sections or demanding applications.
Both are part of EN 10219/10210 standards, but the "N" variant undergoes additional processing.
