ASTM A178 Boiler Tube
ASTM A178 is the standard for electric resistance welded (ERW) seamless carbon steel pipe established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). It is designed specifically for thermal equipment, such as low-pressure boilers, heat exchangers, and superheaters, that must continuously withstand medium-low temperatures (≤450°C) and medium-low pressures (≤ 3.5 MPa). Due to its excellent welding quality, high-temperature resistance, and pressure stability, it has become a core material for pipes in boiler manufacturing and thermal engineering.
1)Materials
Grade A, Grade C, Grade D Boiler steel tube.
Size: OD 1/2in-5in(12.7-127mm)
Wall thickness: 0.035in-0.360in(0.9-9.1mm)
Different names: Condenser steel tube,heat-exchanger tube, low carbon steel pipe, Resistance welded steel tube, Boiler flues, Spoerheater flues and safe ends, ERW carbon steel pipes.
Chemical Composition of ASTM A178 Boiler Tube:
|
Element |
Grade A |
Grade C |
Grade D |
|
Low-carbon steel |
Medium carbon steel |
Manganese steel |
|
|
C% |
0.06-0.18 |
0.35Max |
0.27Max |
|
Mn% |
0.27-0.63 |
0.80Max |
1.00-1.50 |
|
P% |
0.035 |
0.035 |
0.030 |
|
S% |
0.035 |
0.035 |
0.015 |
|
Si% |
..... |
..... |
0.10Min |
Mechanical Properties of ASTM A178 Boiler Tube:
|
Grade A |
Grade C |
Grade D |
|
|
Tensile Strength loading Ksi (Mpa) |
=47(325) |
60(415) |
70(485) |
|
Yield Strength Loading Ksi(Mpa) |
=26(180) |
37(255) |
40(275) |
|
Elongation (50mm)% |
=35 |
=30 |
=30 |
Referenced Documents:
ASTM standards:
A450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy steel tubes.
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal pipe and tubing.
E273 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Longitudinal Welded Pipe and Tubing.
ASTM A178 Boiler Tube Mechanical Tests Required:
Flattening Test
Flaring test
Flange test
Crush test
Tension test
Reverse Flattening test
Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test
Production Process: Utilizing high-frequency electric resistance welding (ERW), the weld undergoes full-thickness fusion and stress-relief heat treatment to ensure no defects such as incomplete penetration and cracks. The weld strength reaches over 95% of the parent metal.
Surface Condition: ASTM A178 Boiler Tube inner wall is smooth (roughness Ra ≤ 6.3μm), reducing scale adhesion, lowering thermal resistance, and improving boiler thermal efficiency.
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