Grade L485 X70 Spiral Welded Pipe
Grade L485 X70 Spiral Welded Pipe is a high-strength steel line pipe manufactured using the SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welding) process.
L485 / X70: These terms refer to the minimum yield strength of the steel. L485 is the metric designation (485 MPa), while X70 is the imperial designation (70,000 psi).
SSAW Process: Unlike straight-seam pipes, these are made by winding a hot-rolled steel coil into a spiral shape and welding the seams. This allows for the production of very large diameter pipes (up to 120 inches) from relatively narrow steel strips, making it a cost-effective solution for major infrastructure projects.
API 5L Grade X70 Pipe Specifications
| Item | Details |
| Standard | API Spec 5L (ISO 3183) |
| Grades | X70 / L485 (Available in PSL1 and PSL2) |
| Manufacturing Type | SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded) |
| Outer Diameter (OD) | 219.1 mm – 3048 mm (8" – 120") |
| Wall Thickness (WT) | 6.0 mm – 25.4 mm |
| Length | 6m - 12m, 18m, 22m (Supports extra-long fixed lengths) |
| Coating Options | 3PE, FBE, Internal Epoxy, Bitumen, Galvanized |
API 5L X70 PSL1 and PSL2 Chemical Composition (Max %)
| Element | PSL1 (Welded) | PSL2 (Welded) |
| Carbon (C) | 0.26 | 0.17 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.65 | 1.70 |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.030 | 0.025 |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.030 | 0.015 |
| Carbon Equivalent (CEiiw) | N/A | 0.43 |
Mechanical Properties of API 5L X70 Pipe
| Property | PSL1 | PSL2 |
| Yield Strength (Min) | 485 MPa (70,300 psi) | 485 MPa (70,300 psi) |
| Yield Strength (Max) | None | 635 MPa (92,100 psi) |
| Tensile Strength (Min) | 570 MPa (82,700 psi) | 570 MPa (82,700 psi) |
| Tensile Strength (Max) | None | 760 MPa (110,200 psi) |
| Yield-to-Tensile Ratio | N/A | ≤ 0.93 |
| Impact Test (CVN) | Not required | Mandatory (e.g., 27J @ 0°C) |
API 5L X70 SAW Pipe Dimensions (Metric)
| NPS (Inch) | Outside Diameter (mm) | WT Range (mm) | Weight ( kg/m ) - Example |
| 16" | 406.4 | 6.4 – 12.7 | 63.1 – 123.3 |
| 24" | 610.0 | 7.9 – 15.9 | 117.2 – 232.8 |
| 36" | 914.0 | 9.5 – 20.0 | 212.1 – 440.9 |
| 48" | 1219.0 | 12.7 – 25.4 | 377.9 – 747.7 |
| 60" | 1524.0 | 12.7 – 25.4 | 473.4 – 938.8 |
API 5L Grade X70 SAW Pipe Wall Thickness (Standard Reference)
| NPS (Inch) | SCH STD (mm) | SCH XS (mm) | SCH 40 (mm) | SCH 80 (mm) |
| 12" | 9.53 | 12.70 | 10.31 | 17.48 |
| 18" | 9.53 | 12.70 | 14.27 | 23.83 |
| 24" | 9.53 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 30.96 |
| 32" | 9.53 | 12.70 | 17.48* | 12.70* |
| 48" | 9.53 | 12.70 | Custom | Custom |
(Note: SSAW pipes are frequently custom-manufactured to specific thickness requirements beyond standard schedules.)
API 5L X70 SAW Pipe Pressure Rating (Theoretical)
Calculated using Barlow's Formula with a Design Factor of 0.72.
| OD (inch) | Wall Thickness (mm) | Internal Pressure (PSI) | Internal Pressure (Bar) |
| 16" | 9.53 | 3,000 | 206 |
| 24" | 12.70 | 2,700 | 186 |
| 36" | 15.88 | 2,200 | 151 |
| 48" | 19.05 | 2,000 | 138 |
Application of API 5L X70 Line Pipe
| Application Field | Description |
| Gas Transmission | High-pressure natural gas trunklines across long distances. |
| Oil Pipelines | Transporting crude oil and petroleum products from wells to refineries. |
| Water Supply | Large-diameter municipal water mains and diversion projects. |
| Offshore/Marine | Structural piling for docks or pipelines in shallow water areas. |
| Construction | Piling pipes for bridges and skyscrapers due to high yield strength. |
Tests Referred for API 5L X70 Pipe
To ensure the integrity of the spiral weld and the X70 steel, the following tests are performed:
Hydrostatic Test: 100% individual pipe testing for leak resistance.
Ultrasonic Testing (UT): Continuous scanning of the spiral weld seam for internal defects.
X-Ray Inspection (RT): Conducted on pipe ends or full seams for weld fusion quality.
Charpy V-Notch (CVN) Impact Test: (Mandatory for PSL2) to ensure toughness at low temperatures.
DWT (Drop Weight Tear Test): Often required for large-diameter X70 gas pipelines.
Guided Bend Test: Verifies the ductility of the welded joint.
packaging and shipping of API 5L X70/L485 Line Pipe
FAQ
What does PSL2 mean on pipe?
PSL2 stands for Product Specification Level 2. It is a higher quality and safety standard for steel pipes (under API 5L) compared to the standard PSL1.
What is the difference between PSL 1 and PSL 2 pipes?
The main difference is that PSL 2 is a higher, stricter safety standard than PSL 1.
Here is the simple breakdown of the differences:
Impact Toughness:
PSL 1: Not required.
PSL 2: Mandatory Charpy V-notch testing (ensures the pipe won't crack in cold or high-stress environments).
Chemical Composition:
PSL 1: Flexible limits.
PSL 2: Very strict limits on carbon and sulfur to improve weldability and strength.
Traceability:
PSL 1: Basic records.
PSL 2: Full traceability required (you can trace every pipe back to the exact batch of steel it came from).
Welding Repairs:
PSL 1: Repairs to the pipe body by welding are allowed.
PSL 2: Prohibited. Any defects in the pipe body mean the pipe is rejected.
Strength Limits:
PSL 1: Only specifies minimum strength.
PSL 2: Specifies both minimum and maximum strength to ensure consistency.
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